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Medical Care Research and Review
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Disparities in Access to Essential New Prescription Drugs between Non-Hispanic Whites, Non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanic Whites

Junling Wang

University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy

Jason M. Noel

University of Maryland School of Pharmacy

Ilene H. Zuckerman

University of Maryland School of Pharmacy

Nancy A. Miller

University of Maryland

Fadia T. Shaya

University of Maryland School of Pharmacy

C. Daniel Mullins

University of Maryland School of Pharmacy

Prior studies do not address racial and ethnic disparities in essential new drug use and whether disparities decrease through time. Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (1996-2001), racial and ethnic disparities were examined separately by comparing non-Hispanic whites to non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanic whites, respectively. New drugs were defined as approved within the past 5 years, and an expert panel identified essential drugs. Negative binomial models adjusted for socioeconomic and health characteristics. The mean annual number of times essential new drugs were obtained among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanic whites were 1.02, 0.94, and 0.70, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, ethnic disparities generally were not significant, but racial disparities became significant. This study did not identify declining disparities during early years of drugs’ life cycles. Disparities exist in new, essential drug acquisition between non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks. Socioeconomic and health characteristics explain many of the observed disparities.

Key Words: health services research • health disparities • race • ethnicity • prescription drugs • access to care

Medical Care Research and Review, Vol. 63, No. 6, 742-763 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1077558706293638
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D. P. Goldman, G. F. Joyce, and Y. Zheng
Prescription Drug Cost Sharing: Associations With Medication and Medical Utilization and Spending and Health
JAMA, July 4, 2007; 298(1): 61 - 69.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]